It’s a tarry black uckiness
Called DARK
and every Soul knows
IT intimately
Every Foot has traveled
Its unmapped Valley
IT not only covers
but smothers completely
And when it descends
with the heaviness of a
Mud-coated itchy wool blanket
IT sucks even the last
desperate breath
no ventilator could salvage
IT HAPPENS
first at a distance
that no horizon can hold
and then even more resounding
than an amplified heart beat
using your ribs as a xylophone
L I G H T
IT rises
with a newness
The Lazarus
of a new day
And it doesn’t hold you
IT FREES YOU
to unimaginable beginnings
G R E A T
is what RISES
THAT never sets
(and is noticed)
Say WHAT?
Swearing More is a Sign of Healthy Verbal Ability, Study Suggests
She was an 87 year old patient, who, when I first met her told me she had been waiting for my visit because she had a really important question to ask me.
My mind went to the usual things like:
“WHY DOES GOD ALLOW SUFFERING?”
“IS THERE A HEAVEN AND HOW DO I KNOW I’LL GET THERE?”
“WHAT IF I HAVEN’T BEEN GOOD ENOUGH; GIVEN ENOUGH?”
“WHAT ABOUT FORGIVENESS?”
BUT
N O. . .
“IS IT BAD IF I SWEAR, I MEAN A LOT AND I REALLY LIKE IT; IT REALLY FEELS GOOD?“
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm:
We often link the use of slurs and profanities to people who’re rude and ignorant and we view them as impolite and unacceptable in everyday speech. But, even though the use of profanities is still frowned upon, the people who use them may not be as ignorant as we previously believed. According to the 2014 study, conducted by Kristin Joy and Timothy Jay, psychologists, the use of swear words may be a sign of a better vocabulary.
Language Sciences published one part of the study in 2014 which involved 43 subjects who were in their late teens to their early 20ties and had their knowledge of profanities compared to their general vocabulary knowledge. The subjects were first tested with COWAT (the controlled oral word association test) in order to determine the subjects’ ability to list words on command. They were asked to write down as many animals and curse words they could think of starting with a given letter in a minute or so. Next, the participants were asked to list as many animals and curse words they knew in general, also in under a minute. The use of animal names was supposed to be an indication of the subjects’ overall vocabulary and general interest in language. Their results were then compared and analyzed.
The researchers were able to conclude that the ability to produce profanities and curse words is not a sign of overall limited vocabulary. On the contrary, they discovered that fluency in curse words is positively linked to verbal fluency. A rich curse words vocabulary may be a sign of healthy vocabulary rather than a cover for vocabular deficiencies.
If you were curious, the top 3 curse words that appeared most frequently in the test were ‘f*ck’, ‘bi*ch’ and ‘sh*t’, as you may have assumed. There were more than 400 swear words generated in total and only some of them were so creative to be encountered just once. The researchers were surprised to discover that people frequently use creative compositions like ‘cockass’ and ‘ass pirate’.
In conclusion, we must point out that the most important finding in this small sized study only confirmed the hypothesis fluency is fluency. According to the hypothesis, word proficiency is more or less universal, regardless of context. However, it doesn’t necessarily mean that if you swear more often you have a richer vocabulary. Moreover, the study doesn’t suggest that fluency is the same as frequency, meaning that it wasn’t able to determine whether swear words are spoken more frequently by people with limited vocabulary or lower IQ or not.
The sample size for the study we refer to is rather small and until a larger scale study is conducted we can only speculate and wait for
confirmation. . .and I’m fairly sure it didn’t include 87 year old hospice patients.
Again:
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Most of the time when a patient asks me any question I usually answer with a question:
“WELL WHAT DO YOU THINK?”
She didn’t pause much before answering:
“I really think it’s alright. I mean the only thing I was really worried about was that it’s not just swearing, it’s REALLY SWEARING. And my favorite go to word when I’m really upset or mad is f*ck; when I shout THAT word, I almost always feel better. . .”
“I think you might have answered your own question, what do you think?”
Again, very little pause before answering, “It’s not like I’m using the Lord’s name in vain, I mean always thought it wasn’t so much what I said as the way I acted or treated someone else. I’ve never called anyone THAT, I just love saying, f*ck when I’m the most upset–it seems to cover what I can’t say or explain. . .”
I asked: “Do you think God knows how we feel without ever saying it or explaining or even praying?”
“Yeah,” she said almost in a sigh. “Yeah I think he knows,” and then almost as if she clicked on some inner light, she beamed, “And who gets me more than God; he made me this way.”
A Third,
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
“Hey, you’re going to come back and see me again, aren’t you?”
“I was hoping you would be thinking that’s ok.”
“Absolutely,” she said. “You give great advice.”
A Fourth
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Maybe it was something I didn’t say?
HOROSCOPE(D)
We all have them, don’t we:
B I R T H D A Y S
and they always come around once a year. . .
Some are absolutely more celebrated more than others
but all of them have a huge message attached to them:
THERE IS ONE LESS ONE TO CELEBRATE
Now if that doesn’t
blow out the candles
crumble the cake
harden the icing
deflate the balloons
destroy the gifts
and hurricane the party–
N O T H I N G W I L L
B U T
WE AUTHOR OUR OWN HOROSCOPES
Now make no mistake about it. . .
We can allow others to write our scripts
and we can feel powerfully inspired and obligated to follow them. . .
B U T
Why not just author your own
and more importantly:
FOLLOW IT?
Every year has
T W O
N E W
Y E A R S:
January 1
a n d
Your BIRTHDAY. . .
both will have
hopes
new beginnings
anticipations
resolutions
and mostly
RESPONSibilities. . .
GUARANTEED
NEW
YEAR(S):
Write your own HOROSCOPE
and better still:
L I V E
I T
F U L L Y
HERE’S THE SECRET:
W O W
that’s being
H O R O S C O P E (D)
ELDERHOOD
Birthdays may not be worth celebrating after a certain age. . .
but moments are never to be missed or passed up
A Bucket of Birthday candles won’t much last past a good couple of flickers but we live for the
FLAME
not the fleeting flickers. . .
Do We Need a New Roadmap for Getting Older?
Old age can last half a century, says physician Louise Aronson, so it needs a better definition—and more praise.
Recently journalist, JENARA NUREMBERG asked some fairly pertinent questions that beg for even more compelling answers
What do you think of when you think of “old age?” Maybe you think of it as your time of decline—something to be avoided at all costs. Many of us imagine the few short years just before our death, rather than the long stretch of time often available to explore new interests and relationships and activities.
Author and physician Louise Aronson wants to change that. In her new book, Elderhood, she argues that old age or “elderhood” is a much richer, more nuanced experience than most people understand, and that treating it like an illness or pathology is the wrong approach. She believes people need to embrace elderhood as another normal phase of life—just like childhood and adulthood—with its own challenges and rewards. By reclaiming the narrative around older age, she hopes to not only support elders, but to impact family life, health, research, policy, and society as a whole.
Louise Aronson: I define elderhood as one of the three main phases of life—what comes after childhood and adulthood. It captures the years that begin between ages 60-70 and continue until a person’s death. And if a person lives until the age of 100, then that means elderhood lasts almost half a century.
Human civilizations from the ancient Greeks and Romans to the early Chinese and Egyptians have been defining old age beginning between 60-70. Because people don’t like hearing that it starts so young, they’ve pushed that to the extreme, whereby people think of “old” as a debilitating phase that only lasts the very few short years right before death.
Louise goes on to explain: Part of why I wanted to introduce the term elderhood to a wider audience—I did not make it up—was so that we would begin thinking about elderhood the way we think about childhood and adulthood. “Old age” absent the term elderhood is the subject of a lot of prejudice and bias, so we end up with phrases like “silver tsunami” and “no one wants to be old” or “aging is life’s great disaster.”
By reframing it as this long phase of life with multiple sub-phases—just like childhood and adulthood—we take a broader approach and we can look at it as a society and community, and not just as individuals. So right now having “old” be devalued, with everyone being meant to face it on their own, we hear questions like “can we cure aging?” Why are we treating something that is normal and natural and that has always existed as pathology?
Now, are there things that come with aging that we would feel much better without? Sure. But we don’t tend to pathologize other entire phases of life. Take adolescence. We recognize that there are behaviors that adolescents are more likely to do that are not good for them or society, but we don’t necessarily say we should get rid of adolescents the way that people often talk about older people. “Let’s go house them somewhere separately, let’s not think about them, let’s build a world for children and adults and then blame older people when that world doesn’t match with their needs or interests.”
Miss Aronson goes on to remind us: There’s more and more out there about age, and there’s so much good stuff; but I felt like the most well-intentioned material was still insulting old age and old people by saying, “Old is only how you feel, 70 is the new 50, 100 is the new 70.” All these things are saying that being old is never in and of itself a good thing or a desirable thing and by extension people who are old are never good people or desirable people. I didn’t like that.
I also didn’t see anything that pulled together all the different ways in which we’re addressing aging—culturally, medically, socially, historically. We tend to think we’re doing all these novel, innovative things with aging, and although some of the specifics differ, human thoughts and approaches about old age are pretty much the same as what we have in evidence from 2,000 to 5,000 years ago. The attempt to understand and adapt to aging is a very human task and such history shows how important these questions are and how existential they are.
I really like how Louise explains: In medicine, we tend to say that such and such population—children, women, people of color, old people—is somehow different from “the norm,” defining the “norm” as middle-aged white guys, because that’s who was doing medicine. Medical research has begun to acknowledge that children aren’t just variations of adults, and women aren’t just variations of men, and people of color aren’t just variations of white people. We need to recognize that being old is as different from being an adult as an adult is from being a child. We change throughout our lives.
For example, with vaccine schedules, we have different schedules for adults and children because of different biology and behaviors. Well, biology and behaviors also change from age 75 onward. Even in diseases that primarily affect older people, the research at best will be on the younger range of older people. So we say that older people are different, and yet we apply results from people different than them to them. Then we blame bad outcomes on old age rather than on what it was—a scientific setup that was destined to fail or hurt people because it didn’t study the target population adequately.
When asked about the HAPPINESS FACTOR as we grow older Miss Aronson reflects: That’s such a good question. Most people are shocked to learn that happiness and life satisfaction go way up just before 60 and continuing into the 80s. So people who are older are much happier than adults in midlife, on average. On average people get happier, and part of that has to do with a real comfort with self and confidence in one’s priorities so that people are more focused on spending time in ways they value and on spending time with people that they value. So their life becomes positive and self-reinforcing.
Another thing that was just reported this year is that older people generally rate their health pretty good. They look around at other people and generally conclude that, yes, their health is better than they thought it would be. So some of this is about having perspective, which takes decades, and also a comfort with who you are and where you are. And when you think about things like meditation and mindfulness and retreats and such, these are the things that elders are best at naturally. So it’s really interesting that we have this untapped population group that are doing the exact things that so many adults are hungry for and yet adults still disparage the very group that is living the things they wish for themselves.
I just turned 64 yesterday and I remember when that seemed older than a dinosaur bone with stardust in its DNA
. . .and now it just feels like 34 with a lot more
SNAP
CRACKLE
AND POP
with each step I take
or when I get out of a chair after sitting a little while
or when I try walking down a staircase
or when I make a trip to the bathroom for the
third time before my 5:30 a.m. wake up time
B U T
Never has my
G L O W
been Brighter
been Warmer
My flicker
more FLAME
With a few more
W I C K S
to light
and be lit
with paths not yet traveled,
E N L I G H T E N D
The EMERGING Department
Everyone feels like a shadow of themselves
when they’re not themselves
when your sick
m i s e r a b l e. . .
I hadn’t been able to go to the bathroom all night
I tried everything:
Walking
Jumping
Taking a Shower
Taking a Bath
Drinking Water
Taking an additional pill that had been prescribed
Laying down
Reclining
Standing
Leaning forward
NOTHING
Not a DROP
. . .and what made it worse was I had a huge event day; a funeral I was conducting of a friend of Thirty plus years on behalf of her family and an afternoon wedding for a young couple who already couldn’t get the first two ministers they asked to marry them because both were out of town;
I COULDN’T BE SICK
I called my family doctor and he urged me to go to the Emergency Department and when I told him of my time schedule he said I had no choice.
I arrived at the hospital and immediately began singing my song of woe and how I literally needed to be treated and released within an hour so I could make it to the funeral and they assured me that I would be able to make that commitment.
When I was back in the room a nurse came in and began taking my information and asked me what I did for a living.
When I told here that I was a hospice chaplain, she asked me if it was for Hospice of the Western Reserve and when I confirmed that, without looking at me, still typing in information she said, “My daughter just died with Hospice of the Western Reserve a couple of months ago.
She went and got a catheter kit to relieve the “URINARY RETENTION” problem, I readied myself for the procedure and she began asking me about the team members that took care of her daughter and I realized at that very moment, I was no longer a patient and she was no longer a nurse, she was a grieving mother who was re-telling the story of her daughter and I was her chaplain, her counselor. I don’t remember the procedure, as quick as it was because of our conversation.
She stated that we were done as if the instant relief I felt of not being able to go to the bathroom for nearly 10 hours didn’t let me know WE ARE DONE. She told me she would be back with instructions and my discharge papers and I was dressed in my suit/tie and ready to go when she came back to go over instructions and to have me sign my discharge papers. Before she reached the curtain to leave, she turned around and told me that this was her first day back following her daughter’s death and that I was her first patient. She asked me, with welled tears in her eyes:
“HOW DID YOU KNOW TO COME IN THIS MORNING?”
I wanted to say, truthfully, “I HAD TO PEE!”
It was a much deeper question with an even deeper answer:
“BECAUSE WE NEEDED EACH OTHER”
We gave each other a hug
and now, even a couple of weeks later,
it’s so much more than a memory
and certainly a blog post. . .
When I was taking a Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) class in Seminary over 40 years ago, I remember our instructor once telling us that we need to remember, often when one that we serve goes into the Emergency Department it signifies an event that has been EMERGING.
Doing hospice work for 25 years now and hospital chaplaincy for thirty-two years I’ve been enlightened to KNOW that there are no accidents. No chance meetings. No coincidences.
If you dare yourself to believe we all are actually connected and that one’s pain is another’s and one’s happiness is as well. . .
WHAT IS EMERGING FROM YOU. . .
WHAT IS IT YOU CAN GIVE WHEN YOU CAME TO GET. . .
WHAT BROUGHT YOU TO ANOTHER PLACE THAN THE ONE YOU THOUGHT YOU ARRIVED. . .
?
Why would WE ever not
reach out
connect
or more. . .
HOLD ON?
IT MAKES ME WONDER
Can it be that when you are truly
HOLDING SPACE
for one
YOU too,
Are having that very sacred
S P A C E
being HELD for YOU as well. . .
IT MAKES ME WONDER
(maybe that’s the
g l o r i o u s
E M E R G I N G
in us)
Are You Contagious?
When Are You Most Likely to Catch Other People’s Emotions?
Researchers discovered an important factor that influences how contagious emotions are.
In a new study, Stanford psychologists examined why some people respond differently to an upsetting situation and learned that people’s motivations play an important role in how they react.
Their study found that when a person wanted to stay calm, they remained relatively unfazed by angry people, but if they wanted to feel angry, then they were highly influenced by angry people. The researchers also discovered that people who wanted to feel angry also got more emotional when they learned that other people were just as upset as they were, according to the results from a series of laboratory experiments the researchers conducted.
Their findings, published in June in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, reveal that people have more control over how their emotions get influenced than previously realized, the researchers said.
“We have long known that people often try to regulate their emotions when they believe that they are unhelpful,” said James Gross, a professor of psychology at Stanford’s School of Humanities and Sciences. “This set of studies extends this insight by showing that people can also regulate the way they are influenced by others’ emotions.”
How do other people influence emotions?
To learn how people react to upsetting situations and respond to others around them, the researchers examined people’s anger toward politically charged events in a series of laboratory studies with 107 participants. The team also analyzed almost 19 million tweets in response to the police shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014.
In the laboratory studies, the researchers showed participants images that could trigger upsetting emotions—for example, people burning the American flag and American soldiers abusing prisoners in Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. The researchers also told participants how other people felt about these images.
The researchers found that participants who wanted to feel less angry were three times more likely to be influenced by people expressing calm emotions than by angry people. But participants who wanted to feel angry were also three times more likely to be influenced by other people angrier than them, as opposed to people with calmer emotions. The researchers also found that these participants got more emotional when they learned that others also felt similar emotions to them.
“The degree to which people said they were motivated to feel or not feel certain emotions predicted how much they would be influenced when they were exposed to emotions from other group members,” said Amit Goldenberg, the lead author on the study and a Stanford doctoral candidate in psychology.
Emotional influence on social media
The researchers also looked at social media, where they could see how emotions played out in real time. They focused on the unrest that emerged on Twitter following the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014.
After analyzing almost 19 million Twitter posts, the researchers found that Twitter users were more influenced by stronger emotions expressed by people in their social network compared to weaker and calmer reactions. They also found that when Twitter users responded to tweets that were similar in emotional intensity to their earlier reactions, the users amplified their emotions to express stronger outrage than others in their social network.
“The social dimension of emotions, particularly in response to socio-political events, is becoming increasingly important with the use of social media and people’s constant exposure to the emotions of others in online platforms,” wrote the study’s authors, who also included Jamil Zaki, assistant professor of psychology at Stanford.
Emotions as tools
Researchers have largely assumed that people’s emotions get influenced automatically—in an unconscious, immediate response to other people’s emotions, said Goldenberg. His team’s new research challenges that perspective.
“Our emotions are not passive nor automatic,” Goldenberg said. “They are a little bit of a tool. We have the ability to use our emotions to achieve certain goals. We express certain emotions to convince other people to join our collective cause. On social media, we use emotions to signal to other people that we care about the issues of a group to make sure people know we’re a part of it.”
Further research needs to be done in order to understand the relationship between people and their emotions. One of the next topics Goldenberg says he wants to examine further is whether the desire of people to want to see and experience certain emotions lies at the core of how they choose their network of friends and other people around them.
“It seems that the best way to regulate your emotions is to start with the selection of your environment,” Goldenberg said. “If you don’t want to be angry today, one way to do that is to avoid angry people. Do some people have an ingrained preference for stronger emotions than others? That’s one of my next questions.”
So just how Contagious are you?
If people were around you
in close corners for any part of any day
would they catch a good case of anger
H A P P I N E S S
I N D I F F E R E N C E
Just how
CONTAGIOUS ARE YOU ?
When People are in your midst
Do they come away
INFECTED
with your best
or. . . ?
Psssssssssssssssssssssssssssst:
GET CAUGHT
Start an incurable epidemic
of your glorious self
with no hopes
or no need
of an
a n t i d o t e
This article was originally published on Stanford News. Read the original article.
BY ALEX SHASHKEVICH | JULY 23, 201
Her SAD
Without a doubt sometimes the greatest sermons anymore
the greatest blog posts
can be found in the most unusual
and yes
most usual places;
our biggest problem
is we just don’t notice. . .
that’s always been our biggest problem:
THAT WE FAIL TO RECOGNIZE WHAT WE NOTICE. . .
So here I am in a Giant Eagle Grocery Store,
Early Sunday Morning,
trying to find something for a Junior Sermon
I’m going to do for the kids at Church
and I hear the
W A I L
of a small child crying
Not and not an infant
but a small toddler
and another little girl comes up the aisle
right past me
and then she sees the kid crying. . .
she tells her mother the baby is sad,
and the mother said,
“Yes, she’s very sad. . .”
And then this child sat back in the shopping cart and almost starting to cry herself. . .
She then said a most beautifully innocent thing:
“Her sad makes me sad.”
I love what the mom asked her next,
“Do you think there’s anything we can do to make her a little happier and less sad. . .”
And without pause the little girl said,
“Give her a cookie. . .
She was already eating one from the clear little box they had obviously just gotten from the Bakery Section. . .
So they walked down the aisle
the other child and her mother were walking;
still crying
still sad
and after asking permission from her mother
gave her a cookie. . .
In that single moment
the Grocery Store Aisle seemed to
literally turn upside down
The little girl was
sad
no more. . .
Not only how innocent–
how simple. . .
I mean a little child gets it. .
She knew in an instant,
IF HER SAD MAKES ME SAD
could it possibly be that
MY HAPPY COULD MAKE HER HAPPY. . . !
This little Caring Catalyst
challenges us to find out what she found out:
OUT OF ALL THE THINGS DOWN OUR AISLES THAT MAKE US SAD
THERE ARE JUST AS MANY THINGS UP THOSE AISLES
THAT CAN MAKE US HAPPY. . .
and if
T H E I R
S A D
has the potential to make us Sad
OUR HAPPY
HAS THE POWER TO THEM HAPPY. . .
Let’s have the guts
to find out what came easy for her—-
DARE TO FIND OUT
You just never know
what you’ll find down
THAT AISLE
(nor will they)
NO WORDS
Sometimes the loudest
S O U N D
is the one
NEVER
H E A R D
(but still very much experienced)
I’ve known Stephanie Jessup most of her life
and she never ceases to amaze me. . .
Among her many talents,
The Tsunami she is has washed up on the many different shores
of her students at Medina High School
where she is a ASL Teacher. . .
Every year Stephanie’s class presents a song
she and the students have worked endless hours
so that others can not just see
so that others can not just hear
so that others can ACTUALLY EXPERIENCE. . .
This year they chose the song,
“WAVING THROUGH A WINDOW”
from the 2017 Tony Award Winning Show:
DEAR EVAN HANSEN
SOMETIMES
THE GREATEST SOUND
YOU CAN EVER MAKE
IS NEVER HEARD
. . .BUT FELT
KUDOS
To Mrs. Stephanie Jessup
and the students of Medina High School
ASL I, II, and III. . .
You’ve done far more than
C O M M U N I C A T E D
(loud and clear)
NO WORDS:
s o m e t i m e s
the best words
are those
never spoken
b u t
intimately
H E A R D
FOURTH Better or Worse
It was a wedding
T H A T
W A S N ‘ T
T H E Y
called me less than two weeks ago’s
after he asked his Father,
his hero
Suffering from ALS,
If he would like to see him and his fiancé
get married;
His dad agreed
and the first hurdle was
W H O
neither of his Hospice Spiritual Care Coordinators
were able to conduct the Wedding
SO
a Hospice Social Worker
remembered a boast of mine from years earlier:
“I’D MARRY ANYONE, ANYTIME, ANYWHERE!”
When she called and asked
I was in. . .
When she told me it was going to be on the Fourth of July
I was even more in. . .
There were other hurdles:
Caterer’s, Photographers, Family schedules, Cake Decorators, Alterations, Florists, Table Settings and a host of behind-the-scenes details. . .
3:00 p.m. on the Fourth of July finally came
and with candles burning and
canned music playing
SHE
WALKED DOWN THE Make Shift Aisle in his parents living room
They faced one another and held hands;
Teared-up
Repeated Vows
Exchanged Rings
Mixed two Different Colors of Sand in a Vase
k i s s e d
Walked away with a series of flashed bulbs capturing the moments. . .
It was the wedding that WASN’T. . .
They lived in Pennsylvania
and had no wedding license
but plenty of witnesses
IT DIDN’T COUNT–
not legally. . .
B U T
when Love is the Law
it also becomes
G O S P E L
and their act of Love
wasn’t holding each other’s hands
and vowing their love;
but making sure
no hand wasn’t un-held;
that
LOVE
WAS THEIR CIRCLE
that excluded
NO ONE;
ALL FAMILY MEMBERS
Were Included
. . .and the best thing of all
for this humble
Caring Catalyst:
THEY INCLUDED ME
It made the FOURTH
far BETTER
than WORSE
It made
for a
FOURTH AN EVER
FEELING A PULSE
U.S. Suicide Rates Are the Highest They’ve Been Since World War II
JAMIE DUCHARME reported in the TIME MAGAZINE JUNE 20, 2019 edition news that we might really be able to do something about that’s merely at the end of our our own hands and beats regularly, steadily in our own hearts. . .
U.S. suicide rates are at their highest since World War II, according to federal data—and the opioid crisis, widespread social media use and high rates of stress may be among the myriad contributing factors.
In 2017, 14 out of every 100,000 Americans died by suicide, according to a new analysis released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. That’s a 33% increase since 1999, and the highest age-adjusted suicide rate recorded in the U.S. since 1942. (Rates were even higher during the Great Depression, hitting a century peak of 21.9 in 1932.)
“I don’t think there’s a one-size-fits all reason” since there’s almost never a single cause of suicide, says Jill Harkavy-Friedman, vice president of research at the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, a nonprofit that supports suicide prevention research, education and policy. “I don’t think there’s something you can pinpoint, but I do think a period of increased stress and a lack of a sense of security may be contributing.”
It’s even more difficult to assign causes to the uptick, Harkavy-Friedman says, because it’s happening across diverse demographic groups. Men have historically died by suicide more frequently than women, and that’s still true: As of 2017, the male suicide rate was more than three times higher than the female rate. But female suicide rates are rising more quickly—by 53% since 1999, compared to 26% for men—and the gap is narrowing. For both genders, suicide rates are highest among American Indians and Alaska natives, compared to other ethnicities, and when the data are broken down by age group, the most suicide deaths are reported among people ages 45 to 64—but nearly every ethnic and age group saw an increase of some size from 1999 to 2017.
Youth suicide is becoming an especially pressing problem, with rates rising more rapidly among boys and girls ages 10 to 14 than in any other age group. A separate research letter published June 18 in JAMA found that youth suicide rates are at their highest point since at least 2000.
The JAMA letter doesn’t identify causes of the youth uptick, but first author Oren Miron, a research associate in biomedical informatics at Harvard Medical School, has two theories.
Opioid use, he says, has been shown to drive suicidal behavior among drug users and their children and families, and so recenthigh rates of drug abuse and overdose may be tied to rising suicide rates. The opioid epidemic may harm entire communities’ mental health, Miron says. “The entire community is bleeding. Kids see less of a future, they see more of their friends dying,” Miron says. “This might give us just one more reason to crack down on” substance misuse.
His second theory is that social media may be contributing to rising suicide rates, particularly for young people. “We know that now it’s used in younger ages and more intensively, and we also see some new apps that allow more anonymity, which in turn allows more bullying and more kids talking about suicide without their parents knowing,” he says. Heavy social media use may also lead to fewer meaningful in-person interactions—which can protect against mental health issues and suicidal behavior—and encourage unhealthy comparison with others.
One other possibility, says Harkavy-Friedman, is that suicide may be better reported and identified today than in years past, as people pay closer attention to mental health issues.
Though suicide is always complicated at both the individual and national levels, help is available. Experts encourage those struggling with suicidal thoughts to confide in a trusted friend or family member, speak with a health care provider, or seek care at an emergency room in cases of immediate danger.
The very first step in saving a Pulse
IS
FEELING
ONE
Reach OUT
Let your hand be the one
that’s FOUND by ONE
Who’s reaching out blindly
to grasp a lifeline
Let them know
when they can’t feel
THERE’S A TOUCH
(Y O U R ‘ S)
If you or someone you know may be contemplating suicide, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 or text HOME to 741741 to reach the Crisis Text Line. In emergencies, call 911, or seek care from a local hospital or mental health provider.
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